Commandment
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Verse
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81 You shall return your enemy's stray ox or ass to him.
The “you” is singular. If any Jew finds a stray ox or ass (or any beast of burden)
belonging to one who is his enemy, he shall return the animal to its owner.
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Exod. 23:4
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82 You shall help with a burdened ox or ass of one who hates you.
The two instances of “you” are singular. If any Jew encounters a troubled heavily laden ox or ass
(or any beast of burden) belonging to one who hates him, he shall help in any way he can.
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Exod. 23:5
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83 You shall not pervert justice of your poor in their cause [as a judge].
The “you” and “your” are singular. A Jewish judge shall not be unjust to a poor Jew.
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Exod. 23:6
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84 You shall avoid a fraudulent matter [as a judge].
The “you” is singular. A Jewish judge shall not become involved in a matter he know or
believes to be fraudulent.
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Exod. 23:7
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85 You shall not slay an innocent or righteous one [as a judge].
The “you” is singular. A Jewish judge shall not find a Jew guilty of a capital
crime if he knows or believes he is innocent.
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Exod. 23:7
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86 You shall not accept a gift [as a judge].
The “you” is singular. A Jewish judge shall not accept a gift of any kind from anyone.
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Exod. 23:8
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87 After six years of working your field, vineyard, and olive yard, you shall
let them lie fallow during the seventh year.
The “you” is singular. If you are a Jewish farmer or vintner, you shall neither cultivate nor harvest
a crop in the Sabbath year.
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Exod. 23:10,11
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88 You shall allow the poor and the animals to eat what is left over.
The “you” is singular. The community or any group shall not prevent the poor and any animals
from eating the produce that grows wildly during the Sabbath year.
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Exod. 23:10
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89 You shall not mention the name of other gods.
The “you” is plural. No Jew shall utter the name of any god of the pagans. This
has to refer only to one’s prayers. Otherwise it would be virtually impossible to
fulfill this commandment for many Jews, especially for clergy and scholars.
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Exod. 23:13
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90 Each year you shall hold the festivals of (Passover,) Shavuoth, and Succoth.
The “you” is singular. Every Jew who is able shall observe the festival of Shavuoth and Succoth.
The commandment for Passover has already been included in Commandment 8, Exod. 12:16.
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Exod. 23:14,16
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91 Each of your males shall appear before the Lord at these festivals.
The “you” is singular. Every Jew who is able shall come to the Tabernacle/Temple for
Passover, Succoth, and Shavuoth.
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Exod. 23:17
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92 You shall not offer the blood of a sacrifice with leavened bread.
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Exod. 23:18
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93 The fat of a sacrificeshall not lay all night until the morning.
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Exod. 23:18
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94 You shall bring the choicest of the first fruits of your land to the tent of
meeting/Temple.
The “you” is singular. Every Jew who is able shall bring his first fruit offering to the Priests
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Exod. 23:19
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95 You shall not cook a kid with the milk of its mother.
The “you” is singular. Any Jew who cooks a kid shall not cook it with the milk
of its mother. I believe this verse does not mean that milk and meat must be
separated. See my discussion of this verse at Rubinspace,org.
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Exod. 23:19
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96 You shall make no covenant regarding the inhabitants of the promised
land or their gods.
The “you” is singular. The nation of Israel shall not make any kind of agreement with the
pagan residents of the land of Israel or with their gods. [Return to Commandment 402]
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Exod. 23:32
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97 Let them not dwell in your land.
The implied you is singular. The nation of Israel shall not allow any pagans to
remain in the land (unless they can convert to Judaism).
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Exod. 23:33
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98 You shall set the show bread continually on the table.
I have paraphrased this verse to a minor extent to make it simpler than the
Hebrew. It is the High Priest to whom this commandment is intended.
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Exod. 25:30
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99 You shall bring pure beaten olive oil to the priests for the perpetual lamp
of the holy place.
I have also paraphrased this verse to a minor extent to make it simpler than
the Hebrew. Any Jew who is able shall bring the oil to the priests. The holy
place is the room in front of the veil of the ark. Only the High Priest may enter
it. It contains the candelabra, the incense altar, and the table of showbread.
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Exod. 27:20
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100 The High Priest shall keep the lamp lit throughout every night.
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Exod. 27:21
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101 The High Priest shall wear the holy garments on coming in to
minister in the holy places.
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Exod. 28:43
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102 The heave offering from the peace offerings shall be an everlasting due for
Aaron and his first-born male descendants.
From an examination of Exod. 29:29 and 29:30 it is clear that the heave offering is only for future
High Priests, not for all of Aaron’s sons.
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Exod. 29:28
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103 The High Priests after Aaron shall wear the holy garments for seven days
before ministering in the holy place.
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Exod. 29:30
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104 A burnt offering shall be offered at the entrance of the tent of meeting
/Temple every day throughout your generations.
The “your” is plural. Each individual must bring a burnt offering every day. Today that means a
prayer or a gift.
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Exod. 29:42
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105 The High Priest shall burn incense every morning and evening
throughout the generations.
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Exod. 30:7, 8
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106 You shall not offer anything but holy incense on the incense altar.
The “you” is plural. This verse is addressed to each of the priests
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Exod. 30:9
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107 The High Priest shall make atonement on the horns of the incense altar
once a year.
This is to be done on the day of atonement, Yom Kippur.
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Exod. 30:9
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108 The High Priest shall wash himself and his hands and feet before entering
the Tabernacle/Temple.
The washing is to be done at the entrance to the Tabernacle (or the
Temple).
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Exod. 30:20, 21
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109 The priests shall wash themselves and their hands and feet before
entering the courtyard.
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Exod. 30:20, 21
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110 You shall not pour the holy anointing oil on the flesh of any other than that
of priests.
The “you” is plural. This verse is addressed to each of the priests.
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Exod. 30:32
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111 You shall not make an oil using the ingredients of the holy anointing oil.
The “you” is plural. This verse is addressed to each of the priests and
each of the people.
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Exod. 30:32
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112 Anyone compounding something like the holy anointing oil or putting it
on a stranger shall be cut off from his people.
The phrase “cut off from his people” appears frequently in the Torah. No one can be sure of
what it means. Consensus has it to mean that the individual is no longer part of the Jewish
congregation. Here’s my thought on it. We are also told in the Torah that when someone dies
he is bound up with his ancestors. Then the phrase in question may mean that this doesn’t
happen when the individual dies. The reason I believe this has to do with the phrase “his
people” at the end of the verse. If the scholars are right, wouldn’t the phrase be either
“the people” or the “Jewish people?” Why “his people?”
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Exod. 30:33
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113 You shall make no incense like the holy incense of the tent of meeting.
The “you” is plural. This verse is addressed to each of the priests.
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Exod. 30:37
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114 Anyone duplicating the holy incense for his enjoyment shall be cut off
from his people.
See my explanation of Commandment 110 above.
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Exod. 30:38
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115 Whoever profanes the Sabbath shall surely die.
As with all mortal sins this has to be determined by a judge, a court (or a priest)
on the testimony of two trusted witnesses.
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Exod. 31:14
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116 You shall not kindle a fire in all of your habitations on the Sabbath.
I believe this verse is not a commandment. I believe it was uttered by Moses regarding a
temporary condition. For more on this see my discussion at rubinspace.org.
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Exod. 35:3
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117 The procedures for a burnt offering shall be followed.
This verse and the next two are directed to the priests.
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Levi. 1:3-17
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118 The procedures for a meal offering shall be followed. [Return to Comm. 287]
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Levi. 2:1-16
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119 The procedures for a peace offering shall be followed.
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Levi. 3:1-16
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120 You shall not eat the fat or blood of an animal that could have been offered
to the Lord.
The “you” in this verse is plural. In the verse’s context it would appear to be only for the
priests and Levites. However, there is no reason it should not apply to all of us.
Therefore, I conclude that it is a measure for all Jews. This means that the fat or blood of any
kosher animal is not to be eaten.
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Lev 3:17
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121 The procedures for a sin offering shall be followed.
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Lev 4:2-35
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122 One who does not testify as a witness shall bear his iniquity and must
confess his sin.
This means that a potential witness refuses to testify, he must bring at least a sin
offering to the priest and explain why he is bringing the offering.
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Lev 5:1
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123 One who comes in contact with an unclean thing, knowingly or not,
shall be unclean and guilty.
This means that someone who becomes unclean by coming in contact with an unclean
thing must bring a guilt offering to the priest when he becomes clean.
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Lev 5:2
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124 One who comes in contact with the uncleanness of a man, once he learns
of it, shall be guilty.
This means that someone who becomes unclean by coming in contact with an unclean
person must bring a guilt offering (see also commandments 128 and 129 below) to the
priest when he becomes clean.
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Lev 5:3
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125 One who swears rashly or speaks an oath of which he is unaware, when
he knows it, he shall be guilty.
This means that someone who swears inappropriately or speaks an oath must bring a
guilt offering to the priest when he becomes aware of it.
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Lev 5:4
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126 One who is guilty of any of these shall confess his sin.
To a priest, the receiver of confessions.
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Lev 5:5
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127 He shall bring a female lamb or kid for a sin offering.
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Lev 5:6
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128 If he cannot afford these, he shall bring two turtle doves or young
pigeons, one for a sin offering, one for a burnt offering.
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Lev 5:7
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129 The procedures for the turtle dove or pigeon offerings shall be
observed.
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Lev 5:8-10
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130 If he cannot afford these, he shall bring a sin offering of a tenth of an
ephah of fine flour.
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Lev 5:11
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131 The procedures for the meal offering shall be followed.
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Lev 5:11-13
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132 The procedures for one who sins among the holy things of the Lord shall
be followed.
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Lev 5:15,16
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133 The procedures for one who violates a negative commandment, knowingly
or not, shall be followed.
Of course, if unknowingly, these procedures are to be followed once he discovers his violation.
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Lev 5:17-19
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134 The procedures for one who deals and swears falsely regarding something
deposited, or in pledge, in a robbery, or by oppression, shall be followed.
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Lev 5:21-26
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135 The law of the burnt offering shall be followed.
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Lev 6:2-6
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136 The law of the meal offering shall be followed.
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Lev 6:7-11
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137 The procedure for the meal offering on the day of anointing the High Priest
shall be followed.
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Lev 6:13-16
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138 The law of the sin offering shall be followed..
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Lev 6:18-23
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139 The law of the guilt offering shall be followed.
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Lev 7:1-7
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140 The law of the peace offering shall be followed
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Lev 7:12-21
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141 The soul of one who eats blood shall be cut off from its people.
So far we’ve seen the phrase cut off from his people. Here we have a slightly different phrase
referring to the soul, the soul being cut off form its people. What can this mean? Obviously, it
can’t mean that the soul is cut off from the congregation. The only plausible meaning is that the
soul is isolated when the person dies.
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Lev 7:27
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142 The breast of waving and the thigh of heaving shall be taken from the peace
offerings and are for the priests.
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Lev 7:29-33
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143 No priest shall drink wine or strong drink on or before entering the tent of
meeting (or the Temple).
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Lev 10:9
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144 Only animals with wholly cloven hooves and chewing the cud may be eaten.
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Lev 11:3
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145 Animals with only cloven hooves or only chewing the cud shall not be eaten
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Lev 11:4-7
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146 The carcasses of animals with only cloven hooves or only chewing the cud
shall not be touched or eaten.
Some Jewish pig farmers seem to ignore this commandment.
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Lev 11:8
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147 Of fish you may eat only those having fins and scales.
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Lev 11:9
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148 You shall not eat of anything in the waters that does not have fins and
scales.
The “you” in this verse is plural. So everyone is individually addressed in this commandment.
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Lev 11:10-12
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149 You shall detest any carcass not having fins and scales
The “you in this commandment and the next four are all plural. Every Jew is being addressed.
Surprise! Touching shellfish, eel, shark, swordfish, etc., is a no-no.
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Lev 11:11
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150 You shall neither touch nor eat any of the fowl named.
This verse and the next nine name 20 species that are not kosher.
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Lev 11:13-19
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151 You shall neither touch nor eat winged insects that walk on four legs.
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Lev 11:20
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152 Except you may eat winged insects that walk on four legs that have jointed
legs on top of their feet, including locusts, bald locusts, crickets of every
kind, and grasshoppers.
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Lev 11:21,22
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153 You shall become unclean until evening if you touch the carcass of any
other insect.
This is the first mention in the Torah of being unclean until (or till) evening. Therefore, it needs
some explanation. If you come in contact with another person or thing, that person or thing also
becomes unclean till evening. Being unclean means you have to be isolated from family, home,
and society. You are relegated to a certain place with others who are unclean. After becoming
clean you must wash your clothes and then offer a sacrifice.
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Lev 11:24
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154 Anyone carrying any part of their carcass shall wash his clothes and be
unclean until evening.
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Lev 11:25
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155 Anyone coming in contact with (the carcass of) a beast without a cloven
hoof or does not chew the cud shall be unclean.
The presumption must be that the person is unclean until evening.
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Lev 11:26
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156 Any one coming in contact with the carcass of a four-legged beast that
walks on paws shall be unclean until evening.
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Lev 11:27
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157 Whoever will carry such a carcass shall wash his clothes and be unclean
until evening.
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Lev 11:28
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158 The weasel, the mouse, the tortoise of any kind, the ferret, the land
crocodile, the lizard, and the chameleon among the creatures creeping on
the land shall be unclean to you.
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Lev 11:29,30
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159 Anyone coming in contact with them in death shall be unclean until the
evening.
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Lev 11:31
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160 Any vessel of wood, cloth, skin, or sackcloth with which work would be done
that comes in contact with one of them in death shall be put in water and be
unclean till evening.
The mention of metal, ceramic, etc., vessels are omitted and are therefore excluded from this
commandment. To become clean and useful again requires only soaking in plain water.
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Lev 11:32
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